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Diseases, such as typhus and plague, to humans. Fleas also carry the bacteria responsible for cat scratch disease, which, despite its name, can also infect humans. Additionally, these pests can transmit tapeworms and murine typhus to pets and sometimes to their human companions.

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2. Allergic Reactions

Flea saliva contains allergens that can cause allergic reactions in humans and pets. For pets, this is often manifested in a condition known as flea allergy dermatitis (FAD), a severe allergic reaction to flea bites that results in intense itching, skin irritation, and sometimes infection. Humans can also react to flea bites with symptoms including red, itchy welts and swelling at the bite site.

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3. Secondary Infections

The constant scratching and biting due to flea infestation can lead to open sores and wounds on pets, which may become infected. In humans, scratching the bites can open the skin to secondary infections.

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4. Anemia

In severe flea infestations, particularly in young, elderly, or ill pets, the excessive blood loss from numerous flea bites can lead to anemia. This condition is characterized by reduced red blood cells, which can be life-threatening if not treated.

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5. Stress and Discomfort

The persistent itching and discomfort caused by flea bites can lead to significant stress for pets and humans alike. This can manifest as restlessness, reduced appetite, and behavioral changes for pets. The stress and discomfort can also disrupt sleep patterns, leading to health and well-being issues.

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6. Environmental Infestation

Fleas can quickly reproduce and infest an entire home, as eggs laid on pets can fall off into carpets, bedding, and furniture. This can result in a challenging cycle of re-infestation, requiring extensive efforts to eliminate.

Given the dangers of flea infestations, it is crucial to take preventive measures, including regular flea treatments, maintaining clean living environments, and promptly addressing any signs of fleas on pets or in the home. If an infestation occurs, seeking professional pest control services to tackle the problem and minimize health risks effectively is advisable.